Define network architecture. Differentiate between client-server and peer-to-peer networks.

 Network architecture refers to the design and structure of a computer network, including its components, protocols, and communication methods. It defines how devices are interconnected and how data is transmitted between them. Network architecture encompasses various aspects such as hardware infrastructure, software protocols, network topologies, and communication models.

Differentiating between client-server and peer-to-peer networks:

1. Client-Server Network:

   - In a client-server network architecture, there are two types of devices: clients and servers.

   - Servers are powerful computers or devices that provide resources, services, and data to clients on the network.

   - Clients are devices such as desktop computers, laptops, or mobile devices that request and consume resources or services from servers.

   - Communication in a client-server network follows a centralized model, where clients send requests to servers, and servers respond to those requests.

   - Examples of client-server network applications include web browsing, email, file sharing, and database management systems.

   - Advantages of client-server networks include centralized management, scalability, and security. However, they may require dedicated hardware and expertise to set up and maintain servers.

2. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network:

   - In a peer-to-peer network architecture, all devices are considered equal peers, and each device can act as both a client and a server.

   - Peers on the network share resources, files, and services directly with each other without the need for a centralized server.

   - Communication in a peer-to-peer network follows a decentralized model, where peers can initiate communication and share resources freely with other peers.

   - Examples of peer-to-peer network applications include file sharing (e.g., BitTorrent), collaborative computing, and distributed computing.

   - Advantages of peer-to-peer networks include simplicity, flexibility, and scalability. They do not require dedicated servers and can operate without central control. However, they may be less secure and reliable compared to client-server networks, and managing resource access and availability can be more challenging.

In summary, client-server networks rely on centralized servers to provide resources and services to clients, while peer-to-peer networks enable direct communication and resource sharing between equal peers without the need for central servers. Each architecture has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice between them depends on factors such as network size, complexity, security requirements, and resource availability.