Differentiate between OOP and procedural oriented language.

Here's a simplified differentiation between Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Procedural Programming:

1. Paradigm Focus:

   • Procedural Programming: In procedural programming, the focus is on procedures or functions. Programs are written as a series of steps or procedures that are executed sequentially. Data is separate from the functions operating on it.
   • Object-Oriented Programming: In OOP, the focus is on objects. Programs are designed by identifying objects and their interactions. Objects encapsulate data and behavior (functions/methods) together, promoting modularity and reusability.

2. Data and Functions:

   • Procedural Programming: Data and functions are separate entities. Data is stored in variables, and functions operate on this data. Functions can be reused across different parts of the program.
   • Object-Oriented Programming: Data and functions are encapsulated within objects. Objects represent real-world entities and contain both data (attributes/properties) and functions (methods) that operate on that data. This bundling of data and functions promotes data hiding and abstraction.

3. Encapsulation:

   • Procedural Programming: Encapsulation is limited. Data can be accessed and modified by any function that has access to it. There's little control over data access.
   • Object-Oriented Programming: Encapsulation is a fundamental principle. Objects encapsulate their data, allowing access only through well-defined interfaces (methods). This helps in data protection and reduces dependencies between different parts of the program.

4. Inheritance:

   • Procedural Programming: Inheritance is not a concept in procedural programming.
   • Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance allows objects/classes to inherit attributes and behaviors from other objects/classes. It promotes code reuse and establishes a hierarchy among objects.

5. Polymorphism:

   • Procedural Programming: Polymorphism is achieved through function overloading and/or function overriding.
   • Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism is a core concept. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. This enables flexibility and extensibility in designing and using objects.

6. Example Languages:

   • Procedural Programming: C, BASIC, and Pascal are examples of procedural programming languages.
   • Object-Oriented Programming: Java, C++, and Python are examples of object-oriented programming languages.

In summary, while both paradigms focus on solving computational problems, they differ in their approach to organizing code, managing data, and modeling real-world entities. Procedural programming emphasizes procedures and sequential execution, while OOP emphasizes objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.